Parkinson Disease A Progressive Disorder - 4669 Words

2.1 Overview The most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from 0.01% of people in the age group 40 to 44 years, increasing steadily to approximately 1% at age 65 and 22% at age 85 or over. Due to an aging society, increasing industrialization and environmental factors, the number of patients will grow rapidly in the forthcoming decades. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of unknown etiology that has no cure. It is characterized by bradykinesia, rest tremor, cogwheel rigidity and postural instability, along with a number of non-motor signs. The neurochemical hallmark of PD is dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal dopamine system (Adler, 2011). In the substantia nigra (SN) of people with PD there is a loss of neuronal cells, demonstrated by the degeneration of brainstem nuclei (Brooks, 1998). This typically shows as Lewy bodies – spherical masses of protein that develop inside nerve cells. However the progression of neuronal loss is quite variable in different PD patients and at different phases of the disease. At present there is no treatment that affects the degeneration, for example by slowing the rate of cell death or by protecting neurons. Unfortunately by the time that PD is first diagnosed, 60% to 70% of the neurons in the SN responsible for dopamine have degenerated and the striatal dopamine content is reduced by 80% (Adler, 2011) and neuroprotectiveShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease : A Progressive Disorder1751 Words   |  8 PagesEach year more than 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PDF, 2014). That sixty thousand does not include the many thousand cases that go undetected each year. Parkinson’s is a progressive disorder that occurs in the nervous system. This disease affects a person’s movement. Parkinson’s disease develops progressively. The most common first sign of Parkinson’s is slight shaking of a body part. In the initial phase of Parkinson’s a person will experience slurring of speech and anRead MoreParkinson Disease : A Progressive Disorder That Affects The Nervous System2652 Words   |  11 PagesParkinson disease is known as a progress ive disorder that affects the nervous system. Some of the main symptoms of the disorder include tremor, muscular rigidity and slow imprecise movement. On the other hand Alzheimer s disease is the most common cause of dementia. The disorder includes memory loss along with difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. Both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s have many similarities but evidence may suggest they are separate disorders. Both Parkinson’s andRead MoreParkinson s Disease Is A Chronic Progressive Movement Disorder Of The Central Nervous System895 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson s disease is a chronic progressive movement disorder of the central nervous system. Early in the course of the disease, the most obvious symptoms are movement-related; these include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and Parkinson’s like gait (leaning forward, small fast pace steps, shuffling, etc.). Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of nerve cells in the brain, entitled neurons. Although damage can be spread about, it primarily affects neuronsRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of my research conducted for this paper was to examine the relationship between Parkinson s disorde r and its connection to the anatomy of the human body. Parkinson s is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement due to the loss of Dopamine. Dopamine which is a neurotransmitter located in the brain allows signals to be transported from one nerve cell to another. Its purpose is to regulate both movement and cognition. The loss of these chemical messengers can causeRead MoreThe Disease Of Parkinson s Disease1648 Words   |  7 PagesParkinson’s disease has been cataloged as one of the most serious and slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects a wide array of motor and non-motor aspects that impact the function of a person. Afflicting over four million Americans and the second most common neurological disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s continues to take its toll on the neurological health of many(Constantinescu et al, 2007 ). James Parkinson, a British physician first coined this disorder as â€Å"shakyRead M oreIdiopathic Parkisons Disease779 Words   |  3 PagesPARKINSONS DISEASE Parkinson also known as idiopathic Parkinson basically targets dopamine in brain nerve cells specially in mid brain and substantia nigra causes cell death. In Parkinson disorder levels of dopamine are decreased in brain. In early stage of Parkinson signs are very oblivious which includes tremors (shaking of hands), muscle rigidity and slowness of movement. Treatment can relief the symptoms but do not cure the disease. CLASSIFICATION: 1. IDIOPATHIC PARKINSONS DISEASE: In thisRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in handsRead MoreParkinson s No Longer Happens But Is Inherited1181 Words   |  5 Pagesone inherits a trait, disorder, or disease that is passed or shared through families. Whether it is albinism or red hair (also referred to as day walkers or ginger) height or heath both parent carry the autosomal trait that is passed to the child. An autosomal recessive disorder means that two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop. A mutation in a gene on one of the first 22 non-sex chromosomes can lead to an autosomal disorder like Down syndrome orRead MoreIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson Disease (PD)Read MoreUnderstanding Of Parkinson s Disease1527 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Parkinson’s disease Many disease have been discovered thought the years. Many of which target a specific sex, age, or even a specific gene in a body. One particular disease is Parkinson’s disease that targets adults of age 60 and over. In 1817 James Parkinson wrote his famous essay over Shanking Paisy. Making James Parkinson the first to describe paralysis agitans that will later be named Parkinson’s disease. James Parkinson was born in the year 1755 Landon, England and would also

Should Humanity Be Meddling With God - 855 Words

Should Humanity Be Meddling With God? The discovery of DNA in the 1950’s has spawned a huge growing biomedical and biotechnological industry. Within a few decades of the DNA’s discovery, scientists have successfully manipulated DNA by inserting new genes into organisms, ranging from bacterium to primates, as well as cloned different species as complex as sheep. These breakthroughs have demonstrated the power of this knowledge and the wondrous possibilities that this knowledge can unlock. With these new discoveries in public light, a debate has started that continues to this day. In this debate, some fear that humanity should not be meddling with DNA, and the doing so could have grave consequences. This debate has also raised moral questions over tampering with human DNA and as a result the U.S. Government prohibited federal funding toward most stem cell research until the current Presidential Administration came into office. The debate of genetic engineering isn’t limited to human DNA either. In a recent report by CBS News, a poll conducted by the PEW Research Center (Figure 1) showed that 57 percent of Americans think GMO’s are unsafe. At the same time 88 percent of scientists think GMO’s are safe, as you can see from the figure on the previous page (Petersen) (Funk). According to the FDA â€Å"Foods from [genetically engineered] plants must meet the same food and safety requirements as food from traditionally bred plants† (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). So if 80Show MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Classical Mythology729 Words   |  3 PagesMyth and Life Throughout history classical mythology has proven to express characteristics of humanity and life. Mark Morford, who is a professor of Classics at the University of Virginia, is perhaps one of the most profound contemporary authors of classical mythology today. Professor Morford has proven his creditability by taking a leading part in bringing together teachers and scholars in universities on the national level. British anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski claims that culture functionsRead MoreFrankenstein Essay655 Words   |  3 Pages Ever since the earliest scientists, including the likes of Aristotle and Plato, the question of the morality of mans meddling in nature has been a prevalent issue. While science can provide boundless amounts of invaluable contributions to mankind, ultimately some scientific endeavors should never have been pursued. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelly explores the ethics involved in this query through the creation of a wonder of science, and its inevitable consequences. Much of the analysis of theRead More Essay on Miltons Paradise Lost -Satan’s Myth of Free Will1269 Words   |  6 PagesMyth of Free Will in Paradise Lost  Ã‚   Milton, through Satans soliloquies in Book 4, shows that Satans idea of free will is a facade, and God carefully manipulates him to fulfill his plan of Adam and Eves fall. While speaking, Satan inadvertently places doubts in the readers mind that his will is free. Satan proves through his actions that God created him to act in a very narrow range, even though he himself does not realize this. The combination of pride, ambition, abhorrence of subordinationRead More The Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey The stories told in the Iliad and Odyssey are based on stories handed down over several generations, for they preserve (as we have seen) memories of an already quiet far distant past. The two pomes show clear connection in their language and style, in the manner in which their incidents presented, and in the combination of agreement with level, which distinguish their creation. The work was written by one author but gave two diverse views on theRead MoreThe Bioethical Dilemmas Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein2348 Words   |  10 Pagesparalyzed people or those with cancer a new life by removing their heads and transplanting them onto healthy bodies donated by brain-dead patients† (4). There are many problems with Canavero’s claim: firstly, people believe Canavero is trying to play God, secondly, the ethical problem of experimenting animals, and lastly, the question of how the transplanted person would be treated by society. These ethical issues are the principles issues of bioethics, which is the study the ethics of medical and biologicalRead MoreThe Mystery of Evil Found in Job Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of famine, war, disease, and other distasteful aspects of humanity pose a tough, insistent question as to why God chose to create evil. As an infinitely powerful creator, surely a morally perfect God can and should create a w orld where evil does not exist in the first place. To propose otherwise seems to paint God as a malevolent being who apparently takes joy in watching the chaos. Bernard Leikind (2010) is a physicist who published an article that paints a representation of the mysteryRead MoreThe Man Who Would Be King by Director John Houston1132 Words   |  4 Pageshelping them to make their way into the local social strata without investigating their motives or aims. During a battle against the kings worst enemy, Dravot is struck by an arrow and unhurt, a circumstance which proves to the Easterners that he is a god. Support swells for the Englishmen, and they are summoned to the holy city and forced to prove Dravots godhood. While he fails the test of the arrow re-enactment, flinching in fear, the symbol of his freemasonry is a greater sign of his deity, linkingRead MorePolitics And Its Effects On Society Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesmid-1800s, and American imperialism – particularly the Mexican-American War. He believed that the government was more harmful than helpful by beginning his essay with, I heartily accept the motto, ‘that government is best which governs least’; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which I also believe – ‘that government is best which governs not at all’; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government whichRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1351 Words   |  6 Pagesof his dark nascent energy belched forth from the blackest hearts of humanity, but came later, the word spewing unbidden from the nadir of damnation, floating on the stench of brimstone to swaddle itself around him, as his disparate strands coalesced into a conscious, if formless being. Or something like that. He tapped absently at his coffee cup. Once long ago, when all men had lived and died in the fearful shadow of their Gods, his name had had power, resonance, a certain zing. Of course, thereRead MoreThe Birthmark, Rappaccini’s Daughter and the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1922 Words   |  8 Pagesperceive an aggressive, eccentric, awkward and intellectual individual that works with fictional equipment in order to initiate their intelligible schemes. On the other hand, they fail to recognize the evil that will stream from the hubris of â€Å"playing god†. A majority of the time these â€Å"mad scientists† are individuals who value their experiments and scientific curiosity over themselves, others and the world. The literature works, The Birthmark,  Rappaccini’s Daughter  and  The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll

The Process of Memory Reconsolidation - 1581 Words

In recent years, much debate and research has occurred over the process of memory reconsolidation. Understanding the processes that underlie memory formation retrieval and storage is key to understanding and guiding treatment for patients with conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder. This essay discusses the processes of consolidation and how that impacts on reconsolidation and the implications of this knowledge on patients suffering posttraumatic stress disorder. Much psychological research suggests that new memories require time to stabilize and transfer to long-term memory and that these newly acquired memories are disposed to to interference by competing stimuli. Memory consolidation is the processes involved in the stabilization of a long-term memory after it’s initial acquisition (Dudai, 2004). Consolidation is described by two distinct theories: synaptic consolidation, which transpires in the first few hours after learning and systems learning where memories are stabilized over a period of weeks to years (Dudai, 2004). Synaptic consolidation suggests that memory can exists in two ways, short term and long term. Short term memories must either transfer to long term memory or be lost (Bramham Messaoudi, 2005). Synaptic consolidation occurs quickly, in the first few hours following the encoding of a new stimulus (Bramham Messaoudi, 2005). Reverberating neural activity in closed circuits allows memories of new experiences to be stored in the short termShow MoreRelatedThe Curent Understanding of the Neurobiology of Memory Reconsolidation and Its Implications for Psychology1863 Words   |  7 Pagesneurobiology of memory reconsolidation and its implications for psychology. This paper will specifically focus on the molecular mechanisms of reconsolidation and research relating to fear memories and using propranolol and D-cycloserine as a treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Memory consolidation is the process by which memories are stabilised after being acquired. Consolidation studies have trad itionally focused on the hippocampus and systems consolidation, where short term memories become longRead MoreUnderlying Neurobiological Processes1706 Words   |  7 Pagesin the literature that memories can generally be defined in terms of time (Nader, Schafe LeDoux, 2000). Memory is sensitive to disruption soon after learning as it is in a labile state of short-term memory (STM). Conversely, memory enters a stable form and is less sensitive to such disruptions in long-term memory (LTM) at a later stage after learning (Nader et al.). Research has argued that the process in which labile new memories transform into stable long-lasting memories is known as consolidationRead MoreThe Theory of Reconsolidation753 Words   |  3 PagesTheory of Reconsolidation - What is it and how can it impact on our lives? Learning is a very important aspect of humans and creatures alike. Not only is it essential to the survival and adaption into this world but it also defines who we are as individuals (Schiller et al, 2010; Tronson Taylor, 2007). Memories from past experiences shape the people that we are today. A crucial element to learning is memory, without it we would not be able to retain information. The process of memory is very distinctRead MoreThe Function Of A Memory1422 Words   |  6 Pagescapacity to form memory in face of stressful stimuli is an essential adaptive behaviour that enables organisms to respond rapidly and effectively to similar demands1. The stress response is largely mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) coupled with the release of catecholamines through adrenergic neural discharges1. These physiological mechanisms activate downstream pathways that stimulate metabotropic alterations in neural networks, resulting in long-term memory formation1.R ead MoreThe retrieval of a memory can initiate processes in our brain that actively consolidate and1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe retrieval of a memory can initiate processes in our brain that actively consolidate and strengthen the memory trace, a process known as memory reconsolidation. Memories retrieved are thought to increase their stability once they undergo the process of consolidation. Retrieval of a memory trace may cause another liable phase to require more processing to keep the memory stable after retrieval; the brain systemically acquires cellular mechanisms to initiate a new round of protein synthesis thatRead MoreTaking a Look at Memory Consolidation1464 Words   |  6 Pagespreviously heralded definition of memory consolidation, an influx of research addressing various theories of; consolidation, reconsolidation and potential clinical implications have surfaced. This essay aims to conglomerate the current understanding of memory reconsolidation, furthermore addressi ng the resonance upon clinical psychology. Neuroscience widely recognised that memories undertake the process of consolidation (Nader Einarsson, 2010). When memories are nascent, they are prone to interferenceRead MoreThe Importance Of Protein Degradation783 Words   |  4 Pages(UPS) and the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term fear memories. This research was necessary because, while research had been done linking protein degradation to synaptic plasticity, no study had been performed to analyze the role of UPS in the amygdala, where long-term fear memories are believed to be stored. Additionally, prior research had led to conflicting reports of the importance of protein degradation in consolidation as opposed to reconsolidation, which the authors intended toRead MoreThe Accuracy Of An Individual s Memory1506 Words   |  7 Pagesreconstructive memory where we piece together bits of stored information that seems real and accurate. The accuracy of an individual’s memory comes into question as it could lea d to wrongful conviction. Some factors affecting accuracy of eyewitness reports include confirmation bias, misinformation effect and influence of violence and anxiety. The first part of the essay will explain these factors; the second part will discuss the ability to retrieve information from our long-term memory. EyewitnessRead MoreEssay about How Essential Is Memory to Us?934 Words   |  4 PagesEssay How essential is memory to us? Why is this term highly verifying to people in the world? Memory is a being’s power to remember things and retain information from the past. Human beings are encountered by this process of remembrance for eternity- throughout their lifetime. It is a key element for an individual, which doesn’t have an authentic origin. Memories can be portrayed in many unique ways, such as emotionally, spiritually or mentally. A person may have memories of dead loved ones, childhood;Read MoreThe Standardized Extract Of Ginkgo Biloba761 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluencing cellular mechanisms hidden behind these multiple effects (Walesiuk and Braszko, 2007). There are many elements that represent emotional experiences, like excitement or stress duration, intensity and chronicity, known to influence severely on memory and cognition (Lupien et al., 2007). Stress occurs during hazardous conditions and activates the sympathetic nervous system which causes immediate fight and flight response by releasing epinephrine and nor epinephrine, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal

The Effect Of Aerobic Exercise On Patients With Chronic...

Literature review; The effect of aerobic exercise on VO2 max in patients with chronic heart failure. Patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF) often suffer from a decreased aerobic exercise capacity and exercise intolerance, which leads to a progressive deterioration in functional capacity (Belardinelli et al. 1999). This review will focus on four controlled clinical studies which have examined the effect of exercise training on VO2 max in patients with CHF. Coats et al. (1992) compared a phase of normal activity to a training period in a group of patients to assess if there was an improvement in VO2 max due to exercise compared to rest. A group of seventeen men over 60 years of age with moderate to severe chronic heart failure (NYHA class II-III) and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 19.6  ± 2.3% took part in a controlled crossover trial consisting of an exercise phase and a resting phase. During the exercise phase the participants exercised for 8 weeks on a training bicycle at 50RPM for 20 minutes a day at 60-80% of their maximum heart rate for five days per week. The patients undertook exercise testing to calculate VO2 max before and after each phase. An overall mean compliance to exercise was calculated to be 77.3% using a revolution counter installed on each bike. The exercise phase showed a significant increase in VO2 max (13.2  ± 0.9 to 15.6  ± 1.0 ml/kg/min) when compared with controls in this study. No significant di fference was observed betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Leading Causes Of Death Of The United States Is Heart Disease1360 Words   |  6 Pages The leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. Heart disease is classified as a chronic disease. Chronic diseases are long-lasting conditions that can be controlled but not cured. Overall chronic diseases account for about 70% of deaths in the United States. The most common examples of chronic diseases include diabetes, heart disease, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, and high blood pressure. Though chronic diseases are shown to be the major cause of death around the worldRead MoreChronic Diseases Are Long Lasting Disease1550 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Chronic diseases are long lasting disease. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity and arthritis are the most common and preventable health problems. These diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or medication, nor do they disappear, but they can be prevented by having a healthy lifestyle since some of the major contributors are tobacco use, lack of physical activity, and bad eating habits. Cardiovascular disease is leading cause ofRead MoreThe Relationship Between Copd And Congestive Heart Failure2005 Words   |  9 PagesThe Relationship of COPD and Congestive Heart Failure While most physical therapists will not solely work in a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation position, all settings of physical therapy frequently treat patients suffering from co-morbidities in addition to the condition that they are prescribed for our care.1 Recognizing and understanding these co-morbidities is important to provide the most effective care to the patient while also decreasing the risk of predisposition to other health conditionsRead MoreThe Agent For Heart Failure1524 Words   |  7 Pages Inotropic Agent for Heart Failure DOBUTAMINE Dominador R. Ronquillo III Utica College â€Æ' Introduction According to Metra et al. (2011, p. 516), heart failure is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the cardiac disease spectrum; it renders the heart to become an inefficient pump; as a result, the patient’s develops low blood pressure, reduction in cardiac output and decreased perfusion of blood in vital organs. The culmination of these symptoms represents a veryRead MoreHigh Intensity Interval Training ( Hiit )2264 Words   |  10 PagesDisease (CAD) and Heart Failure (HF), due to its potential to improve cardio respiratory fitness (1, 15). This exercise format is characterized as aerobic exercise performed in a high intensity - usually controlled by either maximum oxygen uptake or maximum heart rate – with active and low intensity. Performing exercise in high intensities mixed with active rest allows patients to tolerate a higher effort before they become tired. Heart failure patients present a diminished exercise capacity, due toRead MoreEffec ts Of Cardiac Rehabilitation On The United States Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pagesdisciplines in order to create an optimal medical therapy that seeks to educate patients through counseling to make behavioral changes that will improve their health status. The goal of CR is to reduce the risk of repeat cardiac events, improve cardiovascular health, and reduce all-cause mortality with the use of evidence-based guidelines (Lawler, Filion, Eisenberg, 2011; Lobelo, Stoutenberg, Hutber, 2014). Exercise therapy is a key factor to programming. Effective training protocol that elicitsRead MoreBenefits Of Physical Training Patients With Diabetes And Chronic Kidney Disease2469 Words   |  10 PagesBENEFIT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Yetunde M. Fajulugbe Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton OH. Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Physical Training, Abstract: Introduction Diabetes occur when there is a combination of inadequate secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells and the peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance leads to a reducedRead MoreHeart Rate Variability ( Hrv )1623 Words   |  7 PagesHeart rate variability (HRV) is quickly becoming a â€Å"buzz word† in fitness, but in reality this is a very old technology. Dating back to at least 1948 (15) HRV has been a commonly used method in research and is an accepted diagnostic tool in several diseases/conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and type 2 diabetes (9, 23). HRV was, until recently, a tool that was confined to clinical and research settings, largely due to the prohibitively high cost of equipment. Recent advances in technologyRead MoreThe Effect Of Exercise Training And Nutrition Therapy On Function, Fatigue, And Pain3564 Words   |  15 PagesEFFECT OF EXERCISE TRAINING AND NUTRITION THERAPY ON FUNCTION, FATIGUE, AND PAIN IN WOMEN WITH FIBROMYALGIA Research Question: What is the effect of resistance/aerobic training and nutrition therapy on function, fatigue, and pain in women with FM? Abstract Background and Significance: Fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms such as pain and fatigue can have a severe impact on function and quality of life. The exact etiology of FM is unknown, consequently there is no single best treatment. Studies have shownRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Characterized By Hyperglycemia Resulting From Defects1463 Words   |  6 Pagesinsulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also

The Economic Structure Of Feudal Society - 983 Words

Emerging, as Marx posits, â€Å"out of the economic structure of feudal society,† Capitalism quickly became a pervasive, relentless and seemingly inescapable structure. â€Å"The emancipation from serfdom and from the fetters of the guild† led, on one hand, to the unprecedented creation of various economic and social opportunities. Conversely, Marx also acknowledges that â€Å"these new freedmen became sellers of themselves only after they had been robbed of all their own means of production, and of all the guarantees of existence afforded by the old feudal system†¦Just as man is governed, in religion, by the products of his own brain, so, in capitalist production, he is governed by the products of his own hand†¦within the capitalist system all methods for raising the social productiveness of labor are brought about at the cost of the individual laborer; all means for the development of production transform themselves into means of domination over, and exploi tation of, the producers; they mutilate the laborer into a fragment of a man, degrade him to the level of an appendage of a machine†¦they transform his lifetime into working-time, and drag his wife and child beneath the wheels of the Juggernaut of capital†¦ Accumulation of wealth is at one pole, therefore, at the same time accumulation of misery, agony of toil slaver, ignorance, brutality, mental degradation, at the opposite pole, i.e., one the side of the class that produces its own product in the form of capital.† Throughout the firstShow MoreRelatedContrast the Life of the Heian-Era Courtier with That of the Kamakura Samurai.783 Words   |  4 Pageswith Medieval Japan using examples from three levels of society. †¢ The feudal system of Japan and the feudal system of Europe shared similar structures and values. †¢ The two feudal systems differed in many ways. These differences can be seen in the areas of religion, literature, and the role of women. †¢ The impact of both Japanese and European feudalism is still felt today. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What similarities did the feudal societies in Europe and Japan share? Japanese and European feudalismRead MoreFeudal Europe Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesface of society such as; the hunter gatherer nomadic lifestyle to agriculture, classical antiquities, the Middle Ages renaissance, reformation to modern times. In a lecture for History and Social Change at the University of Abertay Dundee, W Mcneish describes history as being a â€Å"contested terrain with the views of the historian giving their perception of events†. This essay will discuss the key features of the feudal period and the key processes leading to the transition of this society from a sociologicalRead MoreHow Did the Tokugawa Period Contribute to the Economical and Political Success of Modern Japan?1352 Words   |  6 Pagesdid the Tokugawa Period contribute to the economical and political success of Modern Japan? Introduction: Important aspects of the Tokugawa period led to the development of Early Modern Japan. The Tokugawa Shogunate’s evolving economic and political structure became the foundation for the political economy of the rapid modernisation of Japan, which was to follow after. Tokugawa Leyasu, the great Shogun This period between 1603 (when Tokugawa Leyasu became the great â€Å"Shogun† of the TokugawaRead MoreEssay about General Theory of Employment1708 Words   |  7 Pages An analysis of Keynesian economic approach in Indian context The relevance of Keynes in Indian context is been questioned as well as a matter of discussion among various economists arenas and conferences from post independence to licence raj to neo-liberal shift. in the economic structure. According to the General Theory of Employment , Interest and Money has trivial relevance in underdeveloped countries like Indian context.According to the Keynes he posses his argument on based of his understandingRead MoreThe Period Of The Century And 16th Century Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pageshistorians have worked extensively in framing out the structure of the feudal society. The church records (Birth, Baptismal and Death record) have played a helping hand to their venture. Of the many historians who have worked on feudalism, we will be paying more attention to the scholarly works of Perry Anderson and Jacques Le Goff. Both have done their work on western part of Europe. Historians describe the word ‘Feudalism’ as an economic, political and social relationship that had existed inRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber are two great sociologists of the 19th century. They have provided varying interpretations of the rise of capitalism, its nature and their ideas on how society changes. Less than half a century separated Weber from Marx. Published in 1867, the twenty-forth chapter of Capital presents Marx’ views on the genesis of capitalism. Weber’s views crystallized in his best-known work – The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism – where he traced the impact of ascetic ProtestantismRead MoreThe First Humans Were Hunter Gatherers907 Words   |  4 Pagesreplaced the traditional hunter-gatherer routines for a more permanent and consistent lifestyle centered on agriculture. As a result class or rank based societies were formed. The dominant government and society in European was the feudal system where land was granted for service. After a thousand years the feudal system was replaced by capitalism an economic and political system. Over time the industrial revolution transformed capitalist nations from agriculture to industrial nations. Throughout historyRead MoreTo What Extent Did Feudalism Affect the Societies in the Middle Ages?1518 Words   |  7 Pageswhat extent did feudalism affect the societies in the Middle Ages? Plan of Investigation The investigation assesses the significance of the feudal system in the middle ages. In order to evaluate the feudal system’s significance, the investigation evaluates each role of the social classes in a Middle Ages society. This includes the kings, nobles and lords, knights, and peasants and serfs. Articles and secondary sources are mostly used to evaluate the feudal system’s significance. Two of the sourcesRead MoreEssay on The Economic Structure of Matewan1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economic Structure of Matewan The film Matewan, written and directed by John Sayles, depicts the small rural townof 1920s Mingo County, West Virginia as a society undergoing complete social unrest, a result of clashing ideals and economic systems. The film is an illustration of how different social systems come to be so intertwined that they cannot be defined independently of one another. Unfortunately for the people of Matewan, the feudalistic economic system imposed on them by theRead MoreMarxist Theory On Capitalism And Communism1468 Words   |  6 Pagesa philosopher and economist. He developed the concept of materialism to study the material things in society, i.e. the economy, that shape and affect the social life of individuals. Marx studied the work of Hegel, however rejected his predecessor’s focus on ideals because he recognized an essential connection with the problems of society and individuals and the material conditions of the society (Ritzer 2011: 21). Marx employed materialism in two facets of his theoretical work, historical materialism

Advertisement Of Alcohol Products In Public Place †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Should Alcohol Companies Advertise Their Products In Public Place? Answer: Background The advertizing and media industry often operates within a strict regulation and is controlled by the Corporation and Government (Jernigan and Rushman 2014). The advertisers have to be careful about its ethical consideration all the times. It is highly unethical to advertize harmful products such as alcohol by using psychological tacts to increase the demand of the products. The companies should not advertize harmful products like alcohol in public places. Advertisement and promotion of such harmful products and beverages creates a negative impact on the lifestyles of young people (Ross, Sparks and Jernigan 2016). The major problem that arises is the increase in the number of consumers and most of them are youth. High exposure of alcohol advertisement in the public often contributes to the drinking among youth. The primary problem of increase in alcohol causes a drastic increase among the youth, adolescents and young adults and creates a negative impact on their health. Most of the drinkers in the current scenario are younger than 21 years of age and consumes around 20% of the entire drink (Kubacki et al. 2015). This has increased the number of fatal car accidents that is mainly caused due to drinking. Due to advertisement and promotion the situation is worsening as the youth nowadays drink more on an average then they used to do it in the past. It is highly significant for the companies to advertize such products that are ethical in issue as it would positively influence the environment. Facts relevant to the analysis of the ethical issue: Exposure to advertisements related to alcohol has distal and immediate effects on the consumption of alcohol (Moreno and Whitehill 2014). Alcohol advertisement creates a positive influence on increasing the rate of consumption of alcohol. Younger age group showed increase in the drinking pattern over time (Pacula et al. 2014). As per World Health Organization (WHO), major health related problem is caused due to the consumption of alcohol globally (Jernigan and Rushman 2014). Alcohol advertisements provoke thoughts to the mind of the viewers and contribute their decisions to start drinking. Advertisement of alcohol affects the mentality of young people and thus creating a negative impact on the life of the young people (Martino et al. 2016). Alcohol companies spend more than $2 billion dollars to promote alcohol and advertizing it all over the United States (Park and Morton 2015). High school students tend to spend 18,000 hours in front of social media and television. They watch more than 2000 alcohol advertisement during this period each year (Kubacki et al. 2015). Assumptions: Alcohol advertisement that generates displeasure among the people reduces the consumption of alcohol. Banning or restricting the marketing of alcohol is assumed to be a cost effective strategy to decrease the consumption of alcohol intake by majority of population. Utilitarian Analysis: Utilitarianism is referred to an ethical approach or theory that analyzes if the action made is right or wrong and the true motive behind this action. The action is therefore considered to be correct if happiness is created by doing so in the environment. The ethical theory focuses on the way of forecasting the rise in the net utility and the fall in the net utility results from the assumptions and facts of the ethical act (Ross, Sparks and Jernigan 2016). The main purpose of this theory is to create the most appropriate or effective possible consequences. With the help of this ethical approach, it is important to analyze its consequences for all the people and both the positive and negative effect of the ethical issues. Consequences of banning advertizing alcohol in public places can be positive and negative as follows: Positive consequences: Alcohol advertisement could lead to improve the public health care by restricting the promotion of such harmful advertisement in public places (Park and Morton 2015). The per capita income spent on the consumption of alcohol is reduced to a great extent. It would lead in the reduction of domestic violence, assaults and anti social behavior (Kubacki et al. 2015). Alcohol advertisement should be banned as alcohol is showcased as the enhancement to the youth and increasing their life risks (Pacula et al. 2014). Negative consequences: Restricting advertisement would lead to penalize the indigenous industry and would further have negligible impact on the international media. Bans are crude instruments that glamorize the issues that are banned, thus enhancing the issue more deliberately people (Martino et al. 2016). Though the alcohol industry aims to increase the market shares and does not encourage any person to drink (Jernigan and Rushman 2014). Alcohol advertisement is controlled by series of legal codes and regulations. The advertisements are continually monitored and evolved in the recent years. Ethical Conclusion: By applying the act of Utilitarian it is relevant to analyze the particular question that should alcohol companies advertize their products in public places. The ethical solution would be that it should be highly beneficial for the society and well-being of the people. Banning or restricting alcohol advertisement could help in removing the potential influence on alcohol related cognition and emotions among the heavy drinker young adults. Moreover, creating an advertisement that creates a negative emotion among the people can also be proved to be an effective strategy so that the alcohol consumption can be reduced. Therefore, the exposure of the youth to such kind of advertisements encourages them to drink. They think that its fun to drink and fool around while having alcohol. With the continuous exposure of such kind of advertisement in the public tempts them to drink more such kind of harmful beverages. Drinkers like alcohol advertisement more as it allows them to remember better and therefore positively responds to the advertisement. References: Jernigan, D.H. and Rushman, A.E., 2014. Measuring youth exposure to alcohol marketing on social networking sites: challenges and prospects.Journal of Public Health Policy,35(1), pp.91-104. Kubacki, K., Rundle-Thiele, S., Pang, B. and Buyucek, N., 2015. Minimizing alcohol harm: A systematic social marketing review (20002014).Journal of Business Research,68(10), pp.2214-2222. Martino, S.C., Kovalchik, S.A., Collins, R.L., Becker, K.M., Shadel, W.G. and D'Amico, E.J., 2016. Ecological momentary assessment of the association between exposure to alcohol advertising and early adolescents' beliefs about alcohol.Journal of Adolescent Health,58(1), pp.85-91. Moreno, M.A. and Whitehill, J.M., 2014. Influence of social media on alcohol use in adolescents and young adults.Alcohol research: current reviews,36(1), p.91. Pacula, R.L., Kilmer, B., Wagenaar, A.C., Chaloupka, F.J. and Caulkins, J.P., 2014. Developing public health regulations for marijuana: lessons from alcohol and tobacco.American Journal of Public Health,104(6), pp.1021-1028. Park, S.Y. and Morton, C.R., 2015. The role of regulatory focus, social distance, and involvement in anti-high-risk drinking advertising: a construal-level theory perspective.Journal of Advertising,44(4), pp.338-348. Parry, C., Volmink, J., Pienaar, D., Jere, M. and Siegfried, N., 2015. Implications of Cochrane Review on restricting or banning alcohol advertising in South Africa: correspondence.South African Medical Journal,105(2), pp.80-81. Ross, C.S., Sparks, A. and Jernigan, D.H., 2016. Assessing the impact of stricter alcohol advertising standards: the case of Beam Global Spirits.Journal of public affairs,16(3), pp.245-254.

Intro and Body paragraph for The Story of an Hour Essay Example For Students

Intro and Body paragraph for The Story of an Hour Essay Question: What does Kate Chopins short story The Story of an Hour communicate about how feelings of freedom can influence ones perspective? Often the feeling of freedom can influence ones perspective on many situations; this influence can often cause feelings or emotions considered wrong by the social norm. In the short story The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin the main character, Louise Mallard proves this. At first she is devastated by the news of her husbands death. Later on she starts to struggle with her inner emotions, and attempts to sort them out in solitude. Finally she realizes her true perspective on the matter of her husbands death. Therefore we can conclude that the feeling of a newfound freedom influenced Mrs. Mallards perspective. Finally she realizes her true perspective on the matter of her husbands death. We see this is a gradual realization as in the beginning Mrs. Mallard weeps with a sudden wild abandonment, but once in her room she sobs ike a child continues to sob in sleep after crying to sleep. After the realization she would cry at the funeral there is no further thought of tears, telling us Just how happy she is and believes she will be without her husband. With this newfound sense of delight, She prays, life be long when only a day before she shuddered at the thought. Not only is she happy, but also she is exited and looking forward to her days of independence. There would no longer be a powerful will bending hers, Mrs. Mallard believes as she walks Like a goddess of victory, only to fall in defeat at the sight of her husband, alive and well. These extreme circumstances have let Mrs. Mallard have a taste of a feeling otherwise forbidden. This thought like a poison consumed her eventually killing her when Mr. Mallard comes home. Over the course of the hour, the feeing of freedom changed Mrs. Mallards outlook on the situation, it caused her to feel the exact opposite of what was expected, showing that even Just the thought of freedom is enough to spark a wildfire.